s'ndfg Ohd M lzIff, ljsf; / k|hftGqsf lqj]0fL
;'b'/k"j{ g]kfnsf] tfKn]h'Ë,
kfFry/ / t]x|y'd lhNnfx?df lzIffsf] Hof]lt km}nfpgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
v]Ng] JolQm s'ndfg OhdnfO{ Ps P]ltxfl;s JolQmTjsf] ?kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 .
pxfFsf] :yfoL 7]ufgf lhNnf
tfKn]h'Ë ;fljs ofª\?k
kmfjfvf]nf cf?af]6] xf] eg] xfn kflye/f–ofª\?k ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= # cGtu{t kb{5
. pxfFsf] a'afsf] gfd a[v wf]h / cfdfsf] gfd a'w/fgL xf] . a'af ef/tLo cfdL{df
nfdf] ;do ;]jf u/L ;'a]bf/ d]h/ kbdf la=;+= !(*( df ;]jf lge[Q eO{ cfkgf] ufpF kms{g'eof] . s'ndfg
Ohdsf] hGd a'af kN6gd} ePsf] avt adf{df la=;+= !(&% df ePsf] lyof] . kl/jf/sf
rf/ bfh'efOdWo]sf dfOnf 5f]/f s'ndfg Ohd cfkm\gf] a'af l/6fo8{ ePkl5 adf{af6 kms{/ bflh{lnªsf]
;'vLofl:yt Ps af]l8{ª xfO:s'ndf cWoog ug{'eof] . ;f] :s'ndf sIff ( k9]kZrft
pxfFsf] a'afn] pxfFnfO{ cfdL{ af]O{ -Boy recruitment_ df elt{ nufOlbg' eof] . cfdL{
af]O{sf] ?kdf # jif{ sfd u/]kl5 pxfF cf}krfl/s?kdf tTsflng a[l6z–OlG8og cfdL{df ;]jf ug{ yfNg'eof] .
l;Ugn Knf6'gdf ^ jif{ xjNbf/ bhf{df sfo{ ub}{ ubf{ pxfFsf] k]6df / bflxg]
3'F8fdf uf]nL nfuL l;sDofgsf ?kdf 3fOt] k]G;g lnO{ cjsf; k|fKt u/L g]kfn kms{g'eof]
.
l/6fo8{ eP/ cfPkl5 g]kfn cfO{ ljjfx
u/]/ tfKn]h'ª bf]efgsf] g];'d, ltnaf/Ldf klxnf] l8=P;=la= k|fylds ljBfno vf]nL
;+rfng, cWofkg / Joj:yfkg ug'{eof] . To; ljBfnodf $ jif{eGbf a9L k9fPkl5 dfly
tfKn]h'ªsf] km'ªlnªdf la=;+= @))^ ;fndf pxfFs} cu'jfO{df efg' :s'nsf] :yfkgf
eof] . Toltv]/ pxfFnfO{ ;fy lbg]x?df u0f]z >]i7, ledaxfb'/ >]i7 / l87\7f
OGb|gf/fo0f >]i7 ;lxt ldn]/ ljBfno vf]n] . To;kl5 ljWofyL{x?nfO{ k9fpg pxfFsf
efGhf kg]{ g/wf]h ;]g]xfª -Pg=l8= ;/_nfO{ lemsfO{ k9fpg nufpg'eof] . Pg=l8= ;/
agkfn]sf efGhf lyP . To;/L ljBfno ;+rfng x'bF} uof] . Pg= l8= ;/sf] of]Uotf
bflh{lnªaf6} sIff ( plQ0f{ u/]sf] t/ cfdL{ ;DaGwL 1fg eg] lyPg . s'ndfg Ohdsf]
eg] cfdL{ ;DaGwL 1fg ePsfn] oxfFl:yt O08Lof l8l:6s ;f]Nh;{af]8{dfkm{t ljBfno
vf]Ng] tyf cg'dlt lngsf nflu ;]qm]6/L / kl5 clkm;/sf ?kdf ;d]t sfd ug'{eof] .
s'ndfg Ohdn] jflbNnLdf sflnsf
k|fOd/L :s'nsf] gfddf la=;+= @))( lt/ OlG8of ;f]N;h{af]8{af6 l:js[lt lnO{
ljBfno ;+rfng ug'{eof] . :s'ndf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9fpg To;a]nf sfnLaxfb'/ 7s'/L /
cf7/fO r'jfg8fF8fsf b]ljr/0f yklnof eGg] lzIfsx? s'ndfg Ohdn] Nofpg'ePsf] lyof]
. OlG8of ;f]Nh;{af]8{n] lzIfssf] nflu k|lt dlxgf ef=?= % lbg] uYof] . t/ a:g /
vfg eg] :yfgLox?n] g} Aoj:yf ug'{kYof{] . kl5 ToxLF ljBfno ltl/Ë]df
;fg]{ ;xdlt klg pxfFn] g} lbg'ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 lj=;+= @)!@ df jflbNnLdf x'nfssf] klg :yfkgf
ug'{eof] .
o;/L lzIff / ;fdflhs If]qdf nfdf]
;do;Dd ljBfnosf k7gkf7gsf ;fy;fy} Aoa:yfksLo If]qdf ;d]t sfo{ ug'{ePsf Ohdn]
/fhgLlts If]qdf klg cfkm\gf] ;lqmotf / k|efj a9fpb} n}hfg'eof] . o;sf ;fy}
kfFry/ / t]x|y'd lhNnfx?df ;d]t lzIffnfO{ cl3 abfpg 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg'eof]
. pxfFsf] JolQmTj, ;f]r / sfo{s'zntfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ tTsflng ;dodf g]kfnL s+u|];sf]
lnDj'jfg If]qnfO{ g]t[Tj ub}{ cfPsf k|]d/fh cfª\b]Da] / t]hdfg t'Dafª\km]
nufotn] pxfF;Fu e]6L s'/fsfgL ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 nuQ} @)!$ kmfNu'0f &
ut] x'gu}/x]sf] ;+;bLo r'gfjdf ;f] If]qaf6 n8\gsf nflu pxfFn] l6s6 kfO{ r'gfj
n8\bf $%$% dt NofO{ ljho k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . Tof] r'gfj k|yd x'g] ljhoL
x'g] k|0ffnL af (single-member
plurality system/first-past-the-post electoral system) cg'?ksf] r'gfj lyof] . o; k|yd cfd
r'gfjdf hDdf !)( ;+;bLo l;6dWo] g]kfnL s+ª\u|];n] dfq} b'O{ltxfO jf &$ l;6
lht]sf] lyof] .
k|]d/fh cfªb]Da] u[xdGqL -<_
ePsf avt pgL ljb]z uPsf ;dodf sfo{jfxs dGqLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ;d]t ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;kl5 tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n] !)) laufxf hUuf / ! nfv ?k}ofF lbg] ;t{df k`\rfotL
Joj:yfdf nfUg eGbf k|]d/fh cfªb]Da], t]hdfg t'Dafªkm], s'ndfg Ohd nufotn] ;f]
s'/fnfO{ OGsf/ u/] . lsgeg] ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] lvnfkmdf pxfFx? hfg dfGg'ePg .
o;y{ ha /fhf dx]Gb|n] la=;+= @)!& ;fn k'ifdf tTsflng ;/sf/nfO{ s" u/L /fhgLlt1x?nfO{
ckb:t ubf{ s'ndfg Ohd nufotn] !$ dlxgf;Dd wgs'6fdf sf/faf; ef]Ug'k/\of] .
rf}w dlxgf;Dd h]ndf a;L ToxfFaf6
5'6sf/f kfPkl5 klg pxfFn] w]/} ;dfh;]af / ljsf;sf sfo{x? ug'{ePsf] 5 . la=;+=
@)@) ;fndf l;+rfO / vfg]kfgLsf nflu tfdfvfgL d'xfg /x]sf] cf]8f/] vf]nfb]lv
l;ofvf]nf;Dd k'ofpg] u/L s'nf] lgdf{0f kl/of]hgfsf] yfngL ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . t/
sfd x'Fb} ubf{ s'nf] lgdf{0f cfof]hgfsf cf]e/l;o/nfO{ ;'s]6f/df xTof ul/Pkl5 ;f]
sfo{ /f]lsPsf] lyof] . kl5 uP/ la=;+= @)#^ ;fndf ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] O6x/L af}sfdf
a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf]df pxfFsf] lj=;+= @)$@ ;fn d+l;/ @ ut] b]xfGt x'g'eof] .
o;/L
s'ndfg Ohdn] ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, ;+rf/sf ;fy} /fhgLlts If]qdf lhNnf tyf ofª?k
If]qnfO{ g} cToGt 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg'eof] . b]zdf k|hftGq Nofpgsf nflu ;d]t
pxfFsf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . ctM pxfFsf] pNn]vgLo of]ubfgsf] sb/:j?k pxfFsf]
:d[ltdf :d[lt u|Gy, ljleGg ;+:yf, dfu{, rf]s, kfs{, ;fdflhs tyf z}lIfs ultljlw
cflb lgdf{0f u/]/ ;Gdfg JoQm ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
